Mortgage basics

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The Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) is a government-sponsored organization that purchases mortgages from lenders and sells them to investors. Two income-to-debt ratios established by Fannie Mae are standard requirements for conventional mortgages. The first requirement is that monthly mortgage principal and interest payments (P&I), plus insurance and property taxes, cannot exceed 28% of the buyer's gross monthly income (some exceptions may apply to increase this limit to 33%).

The second requirement limits total monthly debt payments (housing, credit cards, car payments, etc.) to 36% of gross monthly income. In addition to these requirements, you may have to pay 10% to 20% down on the total purchase price to qualify for a conventional mortgage.

Mortgage Rates and Minimum Incomes Needed to Qualify
Interest Rate	Monthly Payment	Minimum Annual Income
4%	$454	$21,770
5%	$510	$24,479
6%	$570	$27,340
7%	$632	$30,338
8%	$697	$33,460
9%	$764	$36,691
10%	$834	$40,017
11%	$905	$43,426
12%	$977	$46,905
Mortgage companies use ratios to analyze your mortgage payment. The above example shows the monthly payments of principal and interest, and income needed to qualify for a $95,000 mortgage at various interest rates, amortized on a 30-year schedule, assuming a payment ratio of 25%. Source: National Association of Home Builders, Economics Division.